请教英语高手来分析一下这个长句的语法!!!
Many have reservations,but keep them to themselves 。主句
in what they perceive as a climate hostile to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquring,creative spirit.
是由名词性从句做介词in宾语。这个部分在句子中当方面状语。
as a climate hostile 是关系代词what的补语,按照中文可以理解为 they perceive what as a climate hostile
to the pursuit of understanding for its own sake and the idea of an inquring,creative spirit.
这里的to the pursuit of ,,,应该是a climate hostile 的定语。to the pursuit of understanding,and to the pursuit the idea of 的定语
在追求过程中的恶劣环境。
for its own sake 是一个词组。
应该修饰to the pursuit of understanding ,and the idea of an inquring,creative spirit.两个并列成份
不知道是不是这样,我个人的理解。
句子结构分析
第一分句:It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, 其中——
1. 嵌套主语从句的主句:
It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature,
(that 引导主语从句,it 是先行主语)
意思:毫无疑问,在探险期间,他们经常面对最具危险性的困难和威胁
2. 过去分词短语充当的伴随状语:
equipped in a manner which …
意思:以一种方式装备起来
3. 定语从句(修饰 manner):
which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought,
意思:会使一个现代登山者一想到就毛骨悚然的(方式)
4. make sb. shudder at the thought 让人一想到就发抖,
* shudder 是不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语)
* 介词短语 at … 经常用来表示一种瞬间想到、听到或看到而导致某种心理状态的原因,如 at the thought 一想到,at the sight 一看到,at hearing 一听到。
第二分句:but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.
* go out of their way 故意、有意、违背常理
翻译:
确实如此,他们在探险期间经常面对最具危险性的困难和威胁,而此时他们却以一种让现代登山者一想到就会毛骨悚然的方式整装待发,但是他们并不是有意博取这样的刺激。
Technology and the division of labor 作主语,have done 作谓语, two things 作宾语。
by eliminating ...... and by increasing ...是两个并列部分,可以理解为作 two things 的同位语,解释做了哪两件事情。
by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill, they have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor,这是第一件事,by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill 这一结构作状语,表示方式,they have made a very large number of paid occupations ... into boring labor 主谓宾结构,是第一件事这部分里面的主语,which formerly were enjoyable work 是定语从句,修饰前面的 occupations.
by increasing productivity they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours.这是第二件事,by increasing productivity 作方式状语,they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours 主谓宾结构,是第二件事里面的主句。
“技术和劳动分类已经做了两件事:通过消除许多领域对特殊力气和技能的需求,它们已经把许许多多过去给人带来享受的有偿职业变成了令人厌烦的工作,通过提高生产力,它们减少了必要劳动时间的数量。”
冒号以前的就不用分析了。冒号以后是and连接的两个并列分句,前一分句的主要成分为they have made a very large number of paid occupations into boring labor,句中occupations 后接定语从句which formerly were enjoyable work,句首的by eliminating the need for special strehgth or skill为方式状语,eliminating又有in many fields为地点状语;后一分句的结构与此相似by increasing productivity 为方式状语,由于没有定语从句夹杂其中,结构相对简单些。
1.Technology and the division of labor(主语) have done(谓语) two things(宾语)
2. (by eliminating in many fields( the need for special strength or skill)(eliminating 的宾语))方式状语。。。。, they (指Technology and the division of labor )have made a very large number of paid occupations (which 先行词做主语formerly were enjoyable work系表结构)限制性定语从句(修饰paid occupations ) into boring labor, (两方面之一)
3.and by increasing productivity状语 they 主语have reduced 谓语the number of necessary laboring hours.宾语(另一方面)
技术与劳动分工做了两件事:通过在许多领域里减少对特殊力量和技巧的需求,他们已经有了大量曾经愉快的有偿劳动变成了使人厌烦的工作,通过提高生产力,减少了一些必要的劳动时间。
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